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职场发展中级06:13perseverance

Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

坚毅:激情与毅力的力量

心理学家安杰拉·达克沃斯从西点军校、拼字比赛到销售团队反复验证:预测成功最强的指标不是智商、颜值或情商,而是「坚毅」——对长期目标的激情与持之以恒。她坦言科学界对如何培养坚毅所知甚少,并推荐「成长型思维」作为切入口。适合练习职场励志与心理学表达。

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台词(34 句)

00:00
When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.

27 岁那年,我辞掉了一份非常辛苦的管理咨询工作,转去做一份更辛苦的活儿:教书。

00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.

我去纽约市的公立学校教七年级数学。和所有老师一样,我出小测、出考卷。

00:31
I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades. What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students.

我布置作业,作业交回来后我算分数。让我震惊的是:智商并不是我最好和最差学生之间唯一的差别。

00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.

我班上表现最出色的一些学生,智商并没有高到离谱;而一些最聪明的孩子,成绩反而不怎么样。

00:54
And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.

这让我开始思考。七年级数学要学的东西,当然有难度:比例、小数、平行四边形的面积。

01:04
But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.

但这些概念并非高不可攀,我坚信只要肯下功夫、肯坚持得够久,我的每一个学生都能学会。

01:16
After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective.

又教了几年之后,我得出一个结论:教育真正需要的,是从动机的角度、从心理学的角度,更深入地去理解学生和学习本身。

01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ. But what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

在教育里,我们最擅长测量的东西就是智商。但如果在学业和人生中取得成功,靠的远不止「学得又快又轻松」这种能力呢?

01:48
So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why?

于是我离开讲台,去读研究生,成为一名心理学家。我开始在各种极具挑战的环境里研究孩子和成年人,每一项研究我都在问同一个问题:这里谁成功了?为什么?

02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out.

我和研究团队去了西点军校,试图预测哪些学员能坚持完成军事训练,哪些会中途退出。

02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.

我们去了全国拼字大赛,试图预测哪些孩子能在比赛中走得最远。

02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students?

我们研究了在艰苦社区任教的新手老师,追问:哪些老师能坚持到学年结束还在教书?而在这些人里,谁最能有效地提升学生的学习成果?

02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money?

我们和私营企业合作,追问:这些销售员里,谁能保住饭碗?谁又能赚到最多的钱?

02:44
In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.

在所有这些截然不同的场景里,有一种特质始终浮现出来,成为预测成功的关键指标。

02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ.

它不是社交智慧,不是好看的长相,不是健康的身体,也不是智商。

02:59
It was grit. Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.

而是坚毅。坚毅,就是对长期目标怀有的激情和毅力。

03:07
Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality.

坚毅是一种耐力。坚毅,就是日复一日地守住你的未来——不只是坚持一周、坚持一个月,而是坚持数年,并拼尽全力把那个未来变成现实。

03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.

坚毅,就是把人生当成一场马拉松来过,而不是百米冲刺。几年前,我开始在芝加哥的公立学校里研究坚毅。

03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.

我让数千名高二学生填写坚毅问卷,然后等了一年多,看谁最终能顺利毕业。

03:41
Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school.

结果发现,越坚毅的孩子毕业的可能性明显越高——即便我把所有能测量的因素都对齐,比如家庭收入、标准化考试成绩,甚至孩子在校时的安全感。

03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters. It's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out.

所以坚毅重要的地方,不只是西点军校或全国拼字大赛,在普通学校里同样重要,尤其对那些有辍学风险的孩子而言。

04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it.

对我来说,关于坚毅最令人震惊的一点,是我们——乃至整个科学界——对如何培养它了解得如此之少。

04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do I build grit in kids? What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?

每天都有家长和老师问我:「我该怎么培养孩子的坚毅?怎么教会孩子踏实肯干的工作态度?

04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" The honest answer is, I don't know.

怎么让他们长期保持动力?」老实说,我的答案是:我也不知道。

04:30
(Laughter) What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty. Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments.

(笑声)我确实知道的是:天赋并不能让你变得坚毅。我们的数据清楚地表明,有很多天赋出众的人,最终根本没有把自己许下的事情坚持到底。

04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent.

事实上,在我们的数据里,坚毅通常和天赋指标毫无关联,甚至呈负相关。

04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset."

到目前为止,我听过的关于培养孩子坚毅的最好办法,叫做「成长型思维」。

04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort.

这个理念由斯坦福大学的卡罗尔·德韦克提出,核心是一种信念:学习能力并非一成不变,它会随着你的努力而改变。

05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.

德韦克博士的研究表明,当孩子了解到大脑会如何在挑战中改变和成长时,他们在失败后更愿意坚持下去,因为他们不再认为失败是一种永久的状态。

05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are.

所以,成长型思维对培养坚毅是个很好的办法。但我们还需要更多。我的演讲就在这里收尾,因为这正是我们目前所处的位置。

05:38
That's the work that stands before us. We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them.

这就是摆在我们面前的课题。我们需要拿出最好的想法、最强烈的直觉,然后去检验它们。

05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.

我们需要衡量自己是否真的成功,也必须愿意失败、愿意犯错,带着教训重新再来。

05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Thank you.

换句话说,我们得用坚毅的态度,去让我们的孩子变得更坚毅。谢谢。

06:03
(Applause)

(掌声)