一盏灯
首页文章视频生词本复习
首页文章视频生词本我的
营销管理中级16:22perceived value

Life lessons from an ad man

一个广告人的人生课

奥美副主席罗里·萨瑟兰用一串反常识的案例讲「无形价值」:与其花 60 亿英镑把伦敦到巴黎的火车提速 40 分钟,不如请超模全程送酒;腓特烈大帝靠「皇家御用」的标签让普鲁士人爱上土豆;一盒麦片只是换个摆法就成了新品。他的结论是:多数问题其实是感知问题。语速快、反讽与俚语多,适合练营销叙事与英式幽默。

播放器加载中…

台词(144 句)

00:03
This is my first time at TED. Normally, as an advertising man, I actually speak at TED Evil, which is TED's secret sister that pays all the bills.

这是我第一次来 TED。通常,作为一个广告人,我其实是在「TED Evil」(邪恶 TED)演讲——那是 TED 秘密的姊妹会议,负责把所有账单付掉。

00:12
It's held every two years in Burma. And I particularly remember a really good speech by Kim Jong Il on how to get teens smoking again.

它每两年在缅甸办一次。我印象特别深的一场好演讲,是金正日讲「怎样让青少年重新抽起烟来」。

00:21
(Laughter) But, actually, it's suddenly come to me after years working in the business, that what we create in advertising,

(笑声)不过说真的,在这行做了这么多年之后,我突然意识到:我们在广告里创造出来的东西,

00:28
which is intangible value -- you might call it perceived value, you might call it badge value, subjective value, intangible value of some kind -- gets rather a bad rap.

也就是无形价值——你可以叫它感知价值、身份标签价值、主观价值,某种形式的无形价值——名声相当差。

00:37
If you think about it, if you want to live in a world in the future where there are fewer material goods, you basically have two choices.

你仔细想想:如果你希望将来生活在一个物质产品更少的世界里,你基本上只有两个选择。

00:43
You can either live in a world which is poorer, which people in general don't like.

你可以住在一个更穷的世界里,而这一般没人喜欢。

00:47
Or you can live in a world where actually intangible value constitutes a greater part of overall value, that actually intangible value,

或者,你可以住在一个无形价值在总价值中占比更大的世界里;而无形价值其实在很多方面,

00:56
in many ways is a very, very fine substitute for using up labor or limited resources in the creation of things.

都是一种非常非常好的替代品,替代掉造东西时耗掉的人力和有限资源。

01:03
Here is one example. This is a train which goes from London to Paris. The question was given to a bunch of engineers, about 15 years ago, "How do we make the journey to Paris better?"

举个例子。这是一列从伦敦开往巴黎的火车。大约 15 年前,有人给一群工程师出了道题:「怎么让去巴黎的旅程变得更好?」

01:12
And they came up with a very good engineering solution, which was to spend six billion pounds building completely new tracks from London to the coast, and knocking about 40 minutes off a three-and-half-hour journey time.

他们拿出了一个非常漂亮的工程方案:花 60 亿英镑,从伦敦到海岸修一条全新的轨道,把三个半小时的行程缩短大约 40 分钟。

01:24
Now, call me Mister Picky. I'm just an ad man ... ... but it strikes me as a slightly unimaginative way of improving a train journey merely to make it shorter.

你可以叫我「挑剔先生」,我只是个广告人……但在我看来,改善一趟火车旅程却只想着把它缩短,未免有点缺乏想象力。

01:32
Now what is the hedonic opportunity cost on spending six billion pounds on those railway tracks?

那么,把 60 亿英镑砸在那些铁轨上,在快乐层面的机会成本是多少?

01:37
Here is my naive advertising man's suggestion.

下面是我这个天真的广告人给的建议。

01:40
What you should in fact do is employ all of the world's top male and female supermodels, pay them to walk the length of the train, handing out free Chateau Petrus for the entire duration of the journey.

你其实该做的,是把全世界顶级的男模女模统统雇来,付钱让他们在车厢里来回走,全程免费派发柏图斯红酒。

01:50
(Laughter) (Applause) Now, you'll still have about three billion pounds left in change, and people will ask for the trains to be slowed down.

(笑声)(掌声)这样你手上还剩大约 30 亿英镑的零钱,而且乘客还会要求把火车开慢一点。

02:00
(Laughter) Now, here is another naive advertising man's question again.

(笑声)好,天真的广告人又要问一个问题了。

02:05
And this shows that engineers, medical people, scientific people, have an obsession with solving the problems of reality,

这说明工程师、医疗人士、科研人士都痴迷于解决现实层面的问题,

02:11
when actually most problems, once you reach a basic level of wealth in society, most problems are actually problems of perception.

而实际上,一个社会一旦达到基本的富裕水平,大多数问题其实是感知层面的问题。

02:18
So I'll ask you another question. What on earth is wrong with placebos?

所以我再问你们一个问题:安慰剂到底哪里不好?

02:22
They seem fantastic to me. They cost very little to develop. They work extraordinarily well.

我觉得它们棒极了。开发成本极低,效果又出奇地好。

02:27
They have no side effects, or if they do, they're imaginary, so you can safely ignore them.

没有副作用;就算有,那也是想象出来的,所以你可以放心无视。

02:31
(Laughter) So I was discussing this. And I actually went to the Marginal Revolution blog by Tyler Cowen. I don't know if anybody knows it.

(笑声)我当时正跟人讨论这个。我还跑到泰勒·考恩的博客「边际革命」上去了,不知道有没有人知道这个博客。

02:37
Someone was actually suggesting that you can take this concept further, and actually produce placebo education.

有人真的提议把这个概念再往前推一步,去做「安慰剂式教育」。

02:42
The point is that education doesn't actually work by teaching you things.

这个观点是说:教育起作用,其实并不是因为它教给了你什么东西,

02:46
It actually works by giving you the impression that you've had a very good education, which gives you an insane sense of unwarranted self-confidence, which then makes you very, very successful in later life.

而是因为它让你产生一种「我受过很好的教育」的印象,从而给你一种毫无根据、近乎疯狂的自信,而这份自信让你在往后的人生里非常非常成功。

02:55
So, welcome to Oxford, ladies and gentlemen. (Laughter) (Applause) But, actually, the point of placebo education is interesting.

所以,女士们先生们,欢迎来到牛津。(笑声)(掌声)不过说真的,安慰剂式教育背后的道理很有意思。

03:04
How many problems of life can be solved actually by tinkering with perception, rather than that tedious, hardworking and messy business of actually trying to change reality?

生活中有多少问题,其实靠调一调感知就能解决,而不必去干那件既乏味、又辛苦、又一团乱的事——真去改变现实?

03:13
Here's a great example from history. I've heard this attributed to several other kings, but doing a bit of historical research, it seems to be Fredrick the Great.

历史上有个绝佳的例子。我听说这事被安在过好几位国王头上,但我查了点史料,看来主角应该是腓特烈大帝。

03:20
Fredrick the Great of Prussia was very, very keen for the Germans to adopt the potato and to eat it, because he realized that if you had two sources of carbohydrate, wheat and potatoes, you get less price volatility in bread.

普鲁士的腓特烈大帝当年极其希望德国人接受土豆、吃土豆,因为他意识到:如果碳水化合物有小麦和土豆两个来源,面包价格的波动就会小一些。

03:31
And you get a far lower risk of famine, because you actually had two crops to fall back on, not one.

而且闹饥荒的风险会低得多,因为你有两种作物可以兜底,而不是一种。

03:35
The only problem is: potatoes, if you think about it, look pretty disgusting. And also, 18th century Prussians ate very, very few vegetables -- rather like contemporary Scottish people.

唯一的问题是:你想想看,土豆长得挺恶心的。而且 18 世纪的普鲁士人蔬菜吃得非常非常少——很像今天的苏格兰人。

03:44
(Laughter) So, actually, he tried making it compulsory.

(笑声)于是,他先试了强制。

03:49
The Prussian peasantry said, "We can't even get the dogs to eat these damn things.

普鲁士的农民说:「这鬼东西我们连狗都喂不进去。

03:53
They are absolutely disgusting and they're good for nothing." There are even records of people being executed for refusing to grow potatoes.

它们恶心透顶,一无是处。」甚至还有记载说,有人因为拒绝种土豆而被处死。

03:59
So he tried plan B. He tried the marketing solution, which is he declared the potato as a royal vegetable, and none but the royal family could consume it.

于是他改用 B 计划:营销。他宣布土豆是皇家蔬菜,除了王室成员谁都不许吃。

04:06
And he planted it in a royal potato patch, with guards who had instructions to guard over it, night and day, but with secret instructions not to guard it very well.

他把土豆种在一块皇家土豆田里,派卫兵日夜看守,但私下里又交代他们:别看得太紧。

04:15
(Laughter) Now, 18th century peasants know that there is one pretty safe rule in life, which is if something is worth guarding, it's worth stealing.

(笑声)18 世纪的农民懂一条相当靠谱的生活准则:值得看守的东西,就值得偷。

04:22
Before long, there was a massive underground potato-growing operation in Germany.

没过多久,德国就出现了一场规模浩大的地下土豆种植运动。

04:26
What he'd effectively done is he'd re-branded the potato.

他实际上做的事,是给土豆重新做了一次品牌。

04:30
It was an absolute masterpiece. I told this story and a gentleman from Turkey came up to me and said, "Very, very good marketer, Fredrick the Great. But not a patch on Ataturk."

这绝对是一件杰作。我讲完这个故事后,有位土耳其先生走过来对我说:「腓特烈大帝真是个了不起的营销人,可跟阿塔图尔克比还差得远。」

04:38
Ataturk, rather like Nicolas Sarkozy, was very keen to discourage the wearing of a veil, in Turkey, to modernize it.

阿塔图尔克跟萨科齐挺像,非常想在土耳其推动现代化,让人们别再戴面纱。

04:44
Now, boring people would have just simply banned the veil. But that would have ended up with a lot of awful kickback and a hell of a lot of resistance.

换成没意思的人,多半就直接把面纱禁了。可那样的结果,就是招来极其难看的反弹和铺天盖地的抵制。

04:51
Ataturk was a lateral thinker. He made it compulsory for prostitutes to wear the veil.

阿塔图尔克是个横向思维者。他规定:妓女必须戴面纱。

04:56
(Laughter) (Applause) I can't verify that fully, but it does not matter.

(笑声)(掌声)这事我没法完全考证,不过那不重要。

05:05
There is your environmental problem solved, by the way, guys: All convicted child molesters have to drive a Porsche Cayenne.

顺带一提,各位,你们的环保问题也能这么解决:所有被定罪的猥亵儿童者都必须开保时捷卡宴。

05:11
(Laughter) What Ataturk realized actually is two very fundamental things.

(笑声)阿塔图尔克真正看透的是两件非常根本的事。

05:19
Which is that, actually, first one, all value is actually relative.

第一件是:所有价值其实都是相对的。

05:24
All value is perceived value. For those of you who don't speak Spanish, jugo de naranja -- it's actually the Spanish for "orange juice."

所有价值都是感知价值。给不懂西班牙语的各位解释一下,jugo de naranja 在西班牙语里就是「橙汁」。

05:28
Because actually it's not the dollar. It's actually the peso in Buenos Aires. Very clever Buenos Aires street vendors decided to practice price discrimination to the detriment of any passing gringo tourists.

因为这上面标的其实不是美元,而是布宜诺斯艾利斯的比索。当地非常精明的街头小贩决定搞价格歧视,专坑路过的外国游客。

05:38
As an advertising man, I have to admire that. But the first thing is that all value is subjective.

作为一个广告人,我不得不佩服。但第一点就是:所有价值都是主观的。

05:44
Second point is that persuasion is often better than compulsion. These funny signs that flash your speed at you, some of the new ones, on the bottom right, now actually show a smiley face or a frowny face, to act as an emotional trigger.

第二点是:说服往往比强制更有效。这些会把你的车速闪给你看的有趣标牌,右下角有几款新的,现在会显示一张笑脸或者一张苦脸,用来触发情绪。

05:56
What's fascinating about these signs is they cost about 10 percent of the running cost of a conventional speed camera, but they prevent twice as many accidents.

这些标牌了不起的地方在于,它们的运行成本只有传统测速摄像头的一成左右,却能减少两倍的事故。

06:03
So, the bizarre thing, which is baffling to conventional, classically trained economists,

所以,让传统的、受古典训练的经济学家百思不得其解的怪事就是:

06:08
is that a weird little smiley face has a better effect on changing your behavior than the threat of a £60 fine and three penalty points.

一个怪模怪样的小笑脸,在改变你的行为上,比 60 英镑罚款加 3 分的威胁还管用。

06:16
Tiny little behavioral economics detail: in Italy, penalty points go backwards.

一个很小的行为经济学细节:在意大利,罚分是倒着扣的。

06:21
You start with 12 and they take them away. Because they found that loss aversion is a more powerful influence on people's behavior.

你一开始有 12 分,然后被一分分拿走。因为他们发现,损失厌恶对人的行为影响更强。

06:27
In Britain we tend to feel, "Whoa! Got another three!" Not so in Italy.

在英国我们往往会想:「哎哟,又添了三分!」在意大利可不是这样。

06:32
Another fantastic case of creating intangible value to replace actual or material value, which remember, is what, after all, the environmental movement needs to be about: This again is from Prussia, from, I think, about 1812, 1813.

还有一个用无形价值替代实际或物质价值的绝妙案例——别忘了,这归根到底正是环保运动该做的事:这个案例同样来自普鲁士,我想大概是 1812、1813 年。

06:43
The wealthy Prussians, to help in the war against the French, were encouraged to give in all their jewelry.

为了支援对法战争,富裕的普鲁士人被鼓励把自己所有的珠宝都捐出来。

06:48
And it was replaced with replica jewelry made of cast iron.

换回来的,是用铸铁做的仿制珠宝。

06:53
Here's one: "Gold gab ich für Eisen, 1813."

比如这一件:「Gold gab ich für Eisen,1813」(我以黄金换钢铁)。

06:57
The interesting thing is that for 50 years hence, the highest status jewelry you could wear in Prussia wasn't made of gold or diamonds.

有趣的是,在此后 50 年里,你在普鲁士能戴的最高身份的珠宝,不是金子做的,也不是钻石做的,

07:03
It was made of cast iron. Because actually, never mind the actual intrinsic value of having gold jewelry. This actually had symbolic value, badge value.

而是铸铁做的。因为说到底,金首饰那点实际的内在价值根本不重要,这东西有的是象征价值、身份标签价值。

07:11
It said that your family had made a great sacrifice in the past. So, the modern equivalent would of course be this.

它在说:你们家族过去做出过巨大的牺牲。那么,现代的对应物当然就是这个。

07:16
(Laughter) But, actually, there is a thing, just as there are Veblen goods,

(笑声)不过话说回来,确实有这么一类东西:正如有「凡勃伦商品」,

07:20
where the value of the good depends on it being expensive and rare -- there are opposite kind of things where actually the value in them depends on them being ubiquitous, classless and minimalistic.

它的价值取决于它昂贵而稀有——也有正好相反的一类东西,它们的价值恰恰取决于随处可见、不分阶层、极简朴素。

07:30
If you think about it, Shakerism was a proto-environmental movement.

你想想看,震颤派其实就是一场原初版的环保运动。

07:33
Adam Smith talks about 18th century America, where the prohibition against visible displays of wealth was so great, it was almost a block in the economy in New England,

亚当·斯密谈到 18 世纪的美国时说,当时对炫富的抵制之强,几乎成了新英格兰经济的一道阻碍,

07:41
because even wealthy farmers could find nothing to spend their money on without incurring the displeasure of their neighbors.

因为哪怕是富裕的农场主,也找不到什么可以花钱的地方,花了就要招来邻居的白眼。

07:47
It's perfectly possible to create these social pressures which lead to more egalitarian societies.

要制造出这种通向更平等社会的社会压力,是完全做得到的。

07:52
What's also interesting, if you look at products that have a high component of what you might call messaging value, a high component of intangible value, versus their intrinsic value: They are often quite egalitarian.

同样有趣的是:如果你去看那些「信息传递价值」占比很高、也就是无形价值远高于内在价值的产品,它们往往相当平等主义。

08:04
In terms of dress, denim is perhaps the perfect example of something which replaces material value with symbolic value.

就穿着而言,牛仔布也许是「用象征价值取代物质价值」最完美的例子。

08:11
Coca-Cola. A bunch of you may be a load of pinkos, and you may not like the Coca-Cola company, but it's worth remembering Andy Warhol's point about Coke.

可口可乐。你们当中有些人可能是左派,可能不喜欢可口可乐公司,但安迪·沃霍尔对可乐的那句话值得记住。

08:17
What Warhol said about Coke is, he said, "What I really like about Coca-Cola is the president of the United States can't get a better Coke than the bum on the corner of the street."

沃霍尔谈可乐时说:「我真正喜欢可口可乐的一点是,美国总统喝到的可乐,并不比街角那个流浪汉手里的更好。」

08:25
Now, that is, actually, when you think about it -- we take it for granted -- it's actually a remarkable achievement, to produce something that's that democratic.

你仔细想想——我们把它当成了理所当然——能做出一样如此民主的东西,其实是了不起的成就。

08:32
Now, we basically have to change our views slightly. There is a basic view that real value involves making things, involves labor. It involves engineering.

我们得把自己的看法稍微调整一下。有一种基本看法是:真正的价值来自制造,来自劳动,来自工程设计,

08:41
It involves limited raw materials. And that what we add on top is kind of false. It's a fake version.

来自有限的原材料;而我们额外加上去的那些东西是假的,是掺了水的版本。

08:47
And there is a reason for some suspicion and uncertainly about it. It patently veers toward propaganda.

对此抱有一些怀疑和不确定,是有道理的:它明显容易滑向宣传。

08:53
However, what we do have now is a much more variegated media ecosystem in which to kind of create this kind of value, and it's much fairer.

然而,我们如今拥有的是一个丰富得多的媒介生态,可以在里面创造这种价值,而且要公平得多。

09:01
When I grew up, this was basically the media environment of my childhood as translated into food.

我小时候的媒体环境,如果翻译成食物的话,大概是这样的。

09:05
You had a monopoly supplier. On the left, you have Rupert Murdoch, or the BBC.

你面对的是一个垄断供应商。左边是鲁伯特·默多克,或者 BBC。

09:09
(Laughter) And on your right you have a dependent public which is pathetically grateful for anything you give it.

(笑声)右边是一群依附于它的受众,你给什么,他们都感激涕零。

09:15
(Laughter) Nowadays, the user is actually involved.

(笑声)而如今,用户是真的参与进来了。

09:20
This is actually what's called, in the digital world, "user-generated content." Although it's called agriculture in the world of food.

这在数字世界里叫「用户生成内容」,虽然在食物的世界里,它就叫农业。

09:25
(Laughter) This is actually called a mash-up, where you take content that someone else has produced and you do something new with it.

(笑声)这个东西叫「混搭」:你拿别人做出来的内容,再用它做出点新东西。

09:32
In the world of food we call it cooking. This is food 2.0, which is food you produce for the purpose of sharing it with other people.

在食物的世界里,我们管这叫烹饪。这是食物 2.0——你生产它,是为了跟别人分享。

09:40
This is mobile food. British are very good at that. Fish and chips in newspaper, the Cornish Pasty, the pie, the sandwich.

这叫移动食物。英国人很擅长这个:报纸包着的炸鱼薯条、康沃尔馅饼、派、三明治。

09:47
We invented the whole lot of them. We're not very good at food in general. Italians do great food, but it's not very portable, generally.

这些全是我们发明的。我们整体上做吃的不太行。意大利人做的东西很棒,但一般来说不太方便带着走。

09:53
(Laughter) I only learned this the other day. The Earl of Sandwich didn't invent the sandwich.

(笑声)我也是前几天才知道:三明治伯爵发明的并不是三明治,

10:00
He actually invented the toasty. But then, the Earl of Toasty would be a ridiculous name. (Laughter) Finally, we have contextual communication.

他发明的其实是烤三明治。可话说回来,「烤三明治伯爵」这名字也太滑稽了。(笑声)最后,我们还有情境化传播。

10:06
Now, the reason I show you Pernod -- it's only one example. Every country has a contextual alcoholic drink. In France it's Pernod.

我拿潘诺酒给你们看,只是举个例子。每个国家都有一款跟情境绑定的酒。在法国就是潘诺。

10:12
It tastes great within the borders of that country, but absolute shite if you take it anywhere else.

在那个国家的境内喝,味道好极了;可你要是带到别处去喝,简直难以下咽。

10:17
(Laughter) Unicum in Hungary, for example.

(笑声)再比如匈牙利的乌尼古姆。

10:21
The Greeks have actually managed to produce something called Retsina, which even tastes shite when you're in Greece.

希腊人则成功做出了一种叫「松香酒」的东西——哪怕你人在希腊,它照样难喝。

10:25
(Laughter) But so much communication now is contextual that the capacity for actually nudging people, for giving them better information -- B.J. Fogg,

(笑声)但如今太多传播都是情境化的,于是「轻推」人们、给他们更好信息的能力大大提高了——

10:32
at the University of Stanford, makes the point that actually the mobile phone is -- He's invented the phrase, "persuasive technologies."

斯坦福大学的 B. J. 福格就指出,手机其实是……他还发明了一个说法,叫「说服式技术」。

10:39
He believes the mobile phone, by being location-specific, contextual, timely and immediate, is simply the greatest persuasive technology device ever invented.

他认为手机因为绑定地点、贴合情境、及时而直接,简直就是人类发明过的最强的说服式技术设备。

10:47
Now, if we have all these tools at our disposal, we simply have to ask the question, and Thaler and Sunstein have, of how we can use these more intelligently.

那么,如果我们手上有这么多工具可用,我们就只需要问一个问题——塞勒和桑斯坦已经问过了——那就是:怎样更聪明地使用它们?

10:54
I'll give you one example. If you had a large red button of this kind, on the wall of your home, and every time you pressed it, it saved 50 dollars for you, put 50 dollars into your pension, you would save a lot more.

我给你们举个例子。如果你家墙上有这么一个红色大按钮,每按一次就替你省下 50 美元、往你的养老金里存 50 美元,你存下的钱会多得多。

11:06
The reason is that the interface fundamentally determines the behavior. Okay?

原因在于,界面从根本上决定了行为。明白吗?

11:10
Now, marketing has done a very, very good job of creating opportunities for impulse buying.

营销这行在制造「冲动消费」的机会上做得非常非常出色,

11:15
Yet we've never created the opportunity for impulse saving.

可我们从来没有创造过「冲动储蓄」的机会。

11:19
If you did this, more people would save more. It's simply a question of changing the interface by which people make decisions, and the very nature of the decisions changes.

如果你做到了,就会有更多人存下更多钱。这不过是改变人们做决定时所用的界面而已,而决定本身的性质也就随之改变了。

11:28
Obviously, I don't want people to do this, because as an advertising man I tend to regard saving as just consumerism needlessly postponed.

当然,我并不希望人们真这么干,因为作为一个广告人,我倾向于把储蓄看成「不必要地推迟了的消费主义」。

11:34
(Laughter) But if anybody did want to do that, that's the kind of thing we need to be thinking about, actually: fundamental opportunities to change human behavior.

(笑声)不过如果真有人想那么做,那才是我们该认真琢磨的东西:改变人类行为的根本性机会。

11:43
Now, I've got an example here from Canada.

我这里有个来自加拿大的例子。

11:46
There was a young intern at Ogilvy Canada called Hunter Somerville, who was working in improv in Toronto, and got a part-time job in advertising, and was given the job of advertising Shreddies.

奥美加拿大有个年轻实习生叫亨特·萨默维尔,他在多伦多做即兴喜剧,同时兼职做广告,接到的活儿是给 Shreddies 做广告。

11:58
Now this is the most perfect case of creating intangible, added value, without changing the product in the slightest.

这是「创造无形附加价值」最完美的案例:产品本身一丁点都没有改变。

12:05
Shreddies is a strange, square, whole-grain cereal, only available in New Zealand, Canada and Britain.

Shreddies 是一种奇奇怪怪的方形全麦麦片,只在新西兰、加拿大和英国买得到。

12:12
It's Kraft's peculiar way of rewarding loyalty to the crown.

这是卡夫食品奖励「效忠王室」的独特方式。

12:15
(Laughter) In working out how you could re-launch Shreddies,

(笑声)在琢磨怎么让 Shreddies 重新上市时,

12:26
he came up with this.

他想出了这个。

12:30
Video: (Buzzer) Man: Shreddies is supposed to be square.

视频:(蜂鸣声)男:Shreddies 不是该是方的吗。

12:39
(Laughter) Woman: Have any of these diamond shapes gone out?

(笑声)女:这些菱形的有没有流出去过?

12:43
(Laughter) Voiceover: New Diamond Shreddies cereal.

(笑声)画外音:全新菱形 Shreddies 麦片。

12:47
Same 100 percent whole-grain wheat in a delicious diamond shape.

同样是 100% 全麦,只不过换成了美味的菱形。

12:50
(Applause) Rory Sutherland: I'm not sure this isn't the most perfect example of intangible value creation. All it requires is photons, neurons, and a great idea to create this thing.

(掌声)罗里·萨瑟兰:我觉得这大概就是创造无形价值最完美的例子了。要做出这个东西,只需要光子、神经元,外加一个绝妙的点子。

13:01
I would say it's a work of genius. But, naturally, you can't do this kind of thing without a little bit of market research.

我得说这是天才之作。不过很自然,这种事你不做一点市场调研是不行的。

13:06
Man: So, Shreddies is actually producing a new product, which is something very exciting for them.

男:Shreddies 现在其实在推一个新产品,这对他们来说是件非常令人兴奋的事。

13:12
So they are introducing new Diamond Shreddies.

所以他们要推出全新的菱形 Shreddies。

13:15
(Laughter) So I just want to get your first impressions when you see that, when you see the Diamond Shreddies box there.

(笑声)我就想听听你们看到它、看到那盒菱形 Shreddies 时的第一反应。

13:25
(Laughter) Woman: Weren't they square? Woman #2: I'm a little bit confused. Woman #3: They look like the squares to me.

(笑声)女:它们不是方的吗?女二:我有点糊涂了。女三:在我看来它们就是方的啊。

13:30
Man: They -- Yeah, it's all in the appearance. But it's kind of like flipping a six or a nine. Like a six, if you flip it over it looks like a nine.

男:它们——对,全在外观上。不过这有点像把 6 翻成 9:一个 6,你翻过来看就像 9,

13:38
But a six is very different from a nine. Woman # 3: Or an "M" and a "W". Man: An "M" and a "W", exactly.

但 6 和 9 差别可大了。女三:或者像「M」和「W」。男:「M」和「W」,没错。

13:42
Man #2: [unclear] You just looked like you turned it on its end. But when you see it like that it's more interesting looking.

男二:[听不清]看着就像你把它立起来了。可这么一看,它确实更好看一点。

13:49
Man: Just try both of them. Take a square one there, first.

男:两种都尝尝看。先拿那个方的。

13:54
(Laughter) Man:

(笑声)男:

13:57
Which one did you prefer? Man #2: The first one.

你更喜欢哪一个?男二:第一个。

14:08
Man: The first one? (Laughter) Rory Sutherland: Now, naturally, a debate raged.

男:第一个?(笑声)罗里·萨瑟兰:很自然,争论就这么烧起来了。

14:16
There were conservative elements in Canada, unsurprisingly, who actually resented this intrusion.

不出所料,加拿大也有保守派人士,他们其实很反感这种「入侵」。

14:21
So, eventually, the manufacturers actually arrived at a compromise, which was the combo pack.

所以厂商最后达成了一个折中方案:混装包。

14:26
(Laughter) (Applause) (Laughter) If you think it's funny, bear in mind there is an organization called the American Institute of Wine Economics, which actually does extensive research into perception of things,

(笑声)(掌声)(笑声)你要是觉得这很搞笑,那请记住:有一个组织叫「美国葡萄酒经济学协会」,他们真的对人的感知做了大量研究,

14:42
and discovers that except for among perhaps five or ten percent of the most knowledgeable people, there is no correlation between quality and enjoyment in wine, except when you tell the people how expensive it is, in which case they tend to enjoy the more expensive stuff more.

结果发现:除了最懂行的那 5% 到 10% 的人之外,葡萄酒的品质与饮用者的享受程度之间并没有相关性——除非你告诉他们这瓶酒有多贵,那样的话,他们就会更享受贵的那瓶。

15:04
So drink your wine blind in the future. But this is both hysterically funny -- but I think an important philosophical point, which is, going forward, we need more of this kind of value.

所以以后喝酒请盲品。不过这事既让人笑到不行——我觉得也点出了一个重要的哲学观点:往前走,我们需要更多这一类价值。

15:14
We need to spend more time appreciating what already exists, and less time agonizing over what else we can do.

我们该多花点时间去欣赏已经存在的东西,少花点时间去纠结自己还能再做点什么。

15:19
Two quotations to more or less end with. One of them is, "Poetry is when you make new things familiar and familiar things new."

用两段引言差不多做个收尾。其中一句是:「诗,就是把新事物变得亲切,把熟悉的事物变得新鲜。」

15:25
Which isn't a bad definition of what our job is, to help people appreciate what is unfamiliar, but also to gain a greater appreciation, and place a far higher value on those things which are already existing.

这用来定义我们这行的工作也不算差:帮人们欣赏陌生的东西,同时也更懂得欣赏、并给予那些已经存在的东西高得多的价值。

15:36
There is some evidence, by the way, that things like social networking help do that. Because they help people share news.

顺便说一句,有证据表明,社交网络之类的东西确实有助于此,因为它们帮人们分享见闻,

15:41
They give badge value to everyday little trivial activities.

它们给日常那些鸡毛蒜皮的小事赋予了身份标签价值。

15:45
So they actually reduce the need for actually spending great money on display, and increase the kind of third-party enjoyment you can get from the smallest, simplest things in life. Which is magic.

所以它们实际上降低了人们为了炫耀而大把花钱的必要,同时提高了你能从生活中最微小、最简单的事物里获得的那种旁人给予的乐趣。这很神奇。

15:54
The second one is the second G.K. Chesterton quote of this session, which is, "We are perishing for want of wonder, not for want of wonders," which I think for anybody involved in technology, is perfectly true.

第二句是本场演讲第二次引用 G.K. 切斯特顿:「我们正在死于缺乏惊奇之心,而不是死于缺乏奇迹。」我觉得这句话对任何搞技术的人来说都再贴切不过。

16:03
And a final thing: When you place a value on things like health, love, sex and other things,

最后一点:当你为健康、爱、性以及其他这类东西赋予价值,

16:08
and learn to place a material value on what you've previously discounted for being merely intangible, a thing not seen, you realize you're much, much wealthier than you ever imagined.

并且学会给那些你过去因为「只是无形的、看不见的」而看轻的东西标上物质价值时,你就会发现,你远比自己想象的富有得多。

16:17
Thank you very much indeed. (Applause)

非常非常感谢大家。(掌声)